清末审判机构发展历程探析

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清末审判机构发展历程探析
中文摘要
本文研究的是清末审判机构改革及启示,在中国古代的专制体制下,审判权和行政权是合一
的,这种体制从秦代一直沿袭至清末。在封建中国,商品经济不发达,因此这种体制在清末以
前的适用并未出现较大的弊端,但是到了 16 世纪,商品经济日益发达,纠纷变得复杂而庞
多,原本负责审理案件的行政长官的司法经验水平无法达到公正处理案件的程度,这种审判权
与行政权合一的机构体制逐步显露出弊端,清末审判机构改革改变了以往做法,并收到一定的
效果,成为中国审判机构改革的开端,但这种改革后的司法体制并不是像西方那样完全的司法
独立,而是一种仍在行政系统领导之下有中国特色的司法体系。中国古代当权者害怕剧烈的政
治变革会带来社会动荡,往往采取温和而缓慢的变革,这在一定程度上抑制了迫切的变革要
求。因此,清末审判机构的改革也是一个漫长、微妙的过程。清末审判机构改革的原因包括:
传教士、留学生、留洋官员对西方审判文化的介绍;审判权与行政权合一的机构体制逐步显露
出弊端;领事裁判权的确立限制清政府的司法主权。清末审判机构改革内容包括设置司法行政
管理机关、审判机关、检察机关;以立法的形式赋予审判机构审判职能;实行四级三审制以划
分各审判机构的权限;设立专门司法培训机构为各审判机构输送人员。清末审判机构改革确立
了司法与行政分立的司法机构体系。清政府在审判机构改革过程中将刑部改为法部,将大理寺
改为大理院并且编制《大理院审判编制法》、《各级审判厅试办章程》、《法院编制法》等法
律。对清末审判机构的改革可以评价为这是一次形式意义上的改革,因为清末缺乏真正实现审
判机构改革的经济条件,同时清末缺乏真正实现审判机构改革的民主政治,而且清末缺乏与司
法独立审判制度相适应的合理的思想价值理念。但是同时清末审判机构改革建立了审判机构新
旧并立的新型模式。清末的实践为民国及以后进行审判机构改革和建立司法独立制度提供给
利基础,也为当中国司法改革改革提了有益的借鉴
键词司法改革 审判机构 司法独立
Abstract
This study is the late Qing trial institutional reform and enlightenment in the ancientChinese
authoritarian regime, judicial and executive powers are one, this system hasbeen followed from
the Qing Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. In feudal China, commodityeconomy developed, so this
system does not apply in the late former larger defects, butto the 16th century, increasingly
developed commodity economy, the dispute hasbecome more complex and Pang, originally
responsible for hearing cases ofadministrative Executive level judicial experience to the extent not
fair handling of thecase, such a judicial and executive power of unity gradually reveal
institutionalshortcomings late Qing trial institutional reform changed the past practice, and receive
acertain effect, become the Chinese judicial institutions the beginning of reform, butreform of
the judicial system of this post is not like the West completely independentjudiciary, but is still
an administrative system under the leadership of the judicial systemwith Chinese characteristics.
Ancient Chinese authorities fear violent political changewill bring social unrest, often take a
moderate and slow change, which inhibits theurgent change requires a certain extent.
Therefore, the reform of the judicial organ ofthe late Qing Dynasty is a long and delicate
process. Late Qing Dynasty and the trialinstitutional reforms include: missionaries, students
studying abroad officials tried tointroduce Western culture; judicial and executive power of
institutional unity graduallyrevealing the shortcomings; the establishment of consular jurisdiction
limit the Qinggovernment's judicial sovereignty. Late Qing trial institutional reforms including
settingjudicial administrative organs, judicial organs; judicial functions conferred
judicialinstitutions in the form of legislation; implementation of four three-trial system todivide
permission Trial institutions; the establishment of specialized judicial traininginstitutions for the
trial transportation agency staff. Late Qing trial institutional reformestablishes the separation of
judicial and administrative judiciary system. The Qinggovernment in the process of
institutional reform in the trial of Punishments to theMinistry of Justice, the supreme court
and prepared to Daliyuan “Daliyuan trialpreparation Law”, “The Trial Chamber charter pilot
at all levels”, “prepared by theCourt,” and other laws. Reform of the judicial organ of the
late Qing Dynasty can beevaluated as it is a form of sense reform, because the lack of real
trial late Qinginstitutional reform economic conditions, while the late Qing lack truly
摘要:

清末审判机构发展历程探析中文摘要本文研究的是清末审判机构改革及启示,在中国古代的专制体制下,审判权和行政权是合一的,这种体制从秦代一直沿袭至清末。在封建中国,商品经济不发达,因此这种体制在清末以前的适用并未出现较大的弊端,但是到了16世纪,商品经济日益发达,纠纷变得复杂而庞多,原本负责审理案件的行政长官的司法经验水平无法达到公正处理案件的程度,这种审判权与行政权合一的机构体制逐步显露出弊端,清末审判机构改革改变了以往做法,并收到一定的效果,成为中国审判机构改革的开端,但这种改革后的司法体制并不是像西方那样完全的司法独立,而是一种仍在行政系统领导之下有中国特色的司法体系。中国古代当权者害怕剧烈的...

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作者:闻远设计 分类:社科文学类资料 价格:免费 属性:2 页 大小:17.97KB 格式:DOCX 时间:2023-06-05

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