改进动力系统带来利润--文献翻译
外文资料翻译
Powering profits
How PSA is extracting more performance and profit from a new
2.2-litre engine
The ongoing success of the co-operation between PSA Peugeot Citroen and
Ford (See Feature, page 38) is further illustrated by the introduction of an all-new
2.2-litre diesel engine for passenger cars. The inline four-cylinder engine was not
included in the original framework agreement, signed in 1998. Its development
suggests that the two groups are doing well out of the partnership.
The new 2.2-litre diesel engine resulting from the technical alliance between
PSA and Ford was designed to meet an ambitious target. It had to offer the
d r i v e a b i l i t y o f t h e b e s t 2 . 5 - l i t r e e n g i n e s o n t h e m a r k e t a s w e l l a s b e t t e r f u e l
efficiency and emissions levels.
The engine will be used on a number of platforms for upper mid-rang and
e x e c u t i v e c a r s p r o d u c e d b y b o t h m a n u f a c t u r e r s . Th e e n g i n e e r s a l s o f a c e d t h e
challenge of improving pedestrian protection to meet incoming European
legislation and to improve the engine’s noise characteristics.
Be c a u s e d o w n s i z i n g h a d p r o v e d e f f e c t i v e i n e a r l i e r p h a s e s o f t h e i r c o -
o p e r a t i o n , P S A a n d F o r d o p t e d t o k e e p t h e n e w e n g i n e s m a l l . Th e y s e t t h e
displacement at 2.2-litres to reduce fuel consumption and carbon dioxide
emissions, without sacrificing any of its performance features.
Th e e n g i n e t a k e s s o m e i n t e r e s t i n g a p p r o a c h e s i n i t s d e s i g n . I t s
“e x t r e m e c o n v e n t i o n a l c o m b u s t i o n s y s t e m” ( E C C S ) f e a t u r e s a c o m b u s t i o n
c h a m b e r d e s i g n t h a t r e d u c e s e m i s s i o n s b y 3 0 p e r c e n t w h i l e i m p r o v i n g
performance and noise.
Th e c o m b u s t i o n c h a m b e r h a s a l a r g e d i a m e t e r a n d l o w c o m p r e s s i o n r a t i o ,
which produces a more uniform air/fuel mix. The size of the combustion chamber
limits the amount of fuel in contact with the walls. This makes combustion more
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外文资料翻译
efficient.
Th e p i s t o n s’ g e o m e t r y h a d t o b e a l t e r e d t o c r e a t e a 2 5 p e r c e n t l a r g e r
d i a m e t e r c o m b u s t i o n c h a m b e r c o m p a r e d w i t h t h e p r e v i o u s e n g i n e g e n e r a t i o n .
To w i t h s t a n d t h e e x t r a s t r e s s a n d h e a t , t h e p i s t o n s h a d t o b e a l u m i n i u m .
The metal has very high mechanical and thermal properties.
Th e s p e c i a l g e o m e t r y a l s o s i g n i f i c a n t l y r e d u c e d s w i r l i n t h e c o m b u s t i o n
c h a m b e r , t h e r e b y r e d u c i n g h e a t l o s s t o t h e w a l l s a n d i m p r o v i n g t h e
e n g i n e’s e f f i c i e n c y . As a r e s u l t , f u e l e f f i c i e n c y u n d e r a l l d r i v i n g c o n d i t i o n s
improved by 2 percent compared to the previous generation.
Re m a r k a b l y , t h e n e w E C C S s y s t e m d i d n o t r e q u i r e a n y c h a n g e s i n t h e
p r o d u c t i o n t o o l i n g f o r P S A’s D W f a m i l y o f e n g i n e s . Pa r t s a r e c o m m o n t o t h e
other engines produced in this plant.
The engine’s common rail is a third-generation Bosch system that operates at
a p r e s s u r e o f 1 8 0 0 b a r . Th e s y s t e m u s e s p i e z o e l e c t r i c i n j e c t o r s w i t h s e v e n
135 nozzles. These can make up to six injections per cycle, make fuel dosing
more precise. This in turn enhances management of the introduction rate, the ratio
of the amount of diesel injected to the injection spray is finer, which reduces
emissions, since the air/diesel mix is more uniform.
All the cars powered by the new engine will be equipped with maintenances-
based filter technology, while Ford will use a catalyst-based filter.
To enhance drive ability, particularly the torque delivered at low revs, turbos
were essential. PSA engineers developed two turbo charging systems for different
versions of the engine in partnership with turbo firm Honeywell.
Th e m o r e p o w e r f u l 1 2 5 K W v e r s i o n u s e s a p a r a l l e l s e q u e n t i a l d u a l t u r b o .
This reaches a peak torque of 400Nm at just 1750rpm. Using a small, low-inertia
turbo makes the same size kicks in at 2700rpm. Both turbos are controlled by the
engine management system.
A s e c o n d v e r s i o n , w h i c h c a n p r o d u c e b e t w e e n 1 1 5 a n d 1 2 5 K W , u s e s a
single variable geometry turbo. This reaches 400Nm at 2000rpm and will be used
f o r a p p l i c a t i o n s t h a t d o n o t r e q u i r e t h e b i - t u r b o b o o s t a t l o w e n g i n e s p e e d .
El e c t r i c a l c o n t r o l e n a b l e s p r e c i s e , f a s t m a n a g e m e n t o f t h e
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外文资料翻译
t u r b o’s v a ri a b l e g eom e t r y t o o p t i m i ze bo ost p r e ss u r e a c r o s s t he e n t i r e op e r a t in g
range.
De s p i t e t he ex t r a k it o n t he e ng i n e , th e ov e r a l l e n gi n e h e i g h t is 4 0 m m l e s s
than its predecessor. Its compact size will allow it to be used in a greater number
of ve hicles by the manufacturers. It also makes t he engine less likely to injure a
pedestrian in the event of an accident. Performance, rather than pedestrian safety
was the main priority, however. The reduction an size is the result of extensive re-
engineering work on the engine’s top end.
Th e c y l i n d e r h e a d h a s a s i n g l e c o o l i n g f l o w , w h i c h a l s o r e d u c e s h e a t l o s s ,
and is made from an aluminum-copper alloy. The properties of the material give
b e t t e r t h e r m o - m e c h a n i c a l p e r f o r m a n c e . Th e u n i f o r m w a t e r s y s t e m c o o l s t h e
c y l i n d e r h e a d p r e c i s e l y , r e d u c i n g t h e a m o u n t o f w a t e r u s e d a n d s i m p l i f y i n g t h e
process.
A d o u b l e - w a l l c r a n k c a s e w a s d e v e l o p e d f o r t h e p ro j e c t t o r e d u c e t h e no i s e
r a d i a t e d f r o m t h e e n g i n e b y t h r e e d e c i b e l s ; s i g n i f i c a n t i n t e r m s o f c u s t o m e r
p e r c e p t i o n , s a y s P S A . A f a s t r e s p o n s e t h r o t t l e i n t a k e s y s t e m i s a c t u a t e d w h e n
e n g i n e i s s h u t - o f f t o a v o i d a n y v i b r a t i o n w h e n t h e d r i v e r s t o p s t h e c a r .
And two counter-rotating balance shafts keep vibration on the inline unit to a
minimum.
Th e e n g i n e w i l l b e m a n u f a c t u r e d a t P S A’s t r e m e r y p l a n t i n F r a n c e , t h e
world’s largest diesel factory. In 2005, its 4637 engineers and production workers
produced 1.2 million units.
Th e f a c i l i t y u s e s b a t c h p r o d u c t i o n t o a v o i d a s s e m b l y e r r o r s c a u s e d b y
c h a n g i n g f r o m o n e m o d e l t o a n o t h e r . Th e b a t c h e s a r e v e r y l a r g e w i t h s e v e r a l
hundred identical engines following each other on the line.
The 2 . 2 - l it r e uni t w i l l be sub j e c t t o t h e same “red c a r d” s y s e m as oth e rs a t
the plant. Engines are checked after each assembly station. If a defect is spotted,
the complete engine is scrapped. No reworking can be performed on the line, so
that high quality is built into every engine from the outset. It sounds costly, but
PSA’s research has shown that the reduction in warranty costs greatly outweighs
any additional production costs.
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外文资料翻译PoweringprofitsHowPSAisextractingmoreperformanceandprofitfromanew2.2-litreengineTheongoingsuccessoftheco-operationbetweenPSAPeugeotCitroenandFord(SeeFeature,page38)isfurtherillustratedbytheintroductionofanall-new2.2-litredieselengineforpassengercars.Theinlinefour-cylinderenginewasnotincludedin...
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