燃煤锅炉自动控制系统设计 -机械自动化毕业设计资料
I
摘 要
燃煤锅炉作为传统的热力设备，长期以来在工业生产、城市供热等领域发挥着重要
作用。然而，随着能源结构的调整、环保要求的提高和科技发展的推动，燃煤锅炉自动
控制的重要性逐渐凸显。传统的燃煤锅炉控制系统往往依赖人工操作和经验判断，存在
能效低、排放高、稳定性差等问题，难以满足现代工业生产对效率、环保和智能化的要求
为了解决上述问题，本设计是基于 PLC 的燃煤锅炉自动控制系统的研究，具有很好的
应用前景。
本设计结合了国内外燃煤锅炉自动控制系统发展情况以及目前存在的问题，依据
本次设计的具体要求，对其控制系统进行全面的分析，提出了在控制中使用 PLC 控制
的总体设计方案，系统的结构由锅筒、炉膛、燃烧器、进出口及附件组成，主要完成了燃
煤锅炉的整个工艺流程，包括燃料燃烧、热量转换以及加热汽化等。设计硬件方面采用
了西门子 S7-1200 系列 CPU 型号为 1214C 的PLC，传感器部分采用了温度传感器和压
力传感器，传感器采集的信号经过数模转换后就可把数据送入 PLC 中进行处理，PLC
会根据系统要求实际温度和压力进行自动控制。同时为了提升工作效率，设计采用变频
器驱动执行设备工作。通过 MCGS 上位机和西门子 S7-1200PLC 下位机构成一种稳定的
燃煤锅炉自动控制系统，可方便管理员对系统进行操作。
软件采用西门子 STEP-7 进行编程并绘制梯形图。系统仿真模拟部分采用的是 MCG
S组态软件，用于对 PLC 的运行的数据进行监视、控制以及记录。通过对比实验和现场
应用验证，证明了基于 PLC 的自动控制系统在燃煤锅炉中能够实现更高的燃烧效率、
更低的排放以及更好的系统稳定性。
关键词：可编程序控制器；燃煤锅炉；温度传感器；MCGS 组态
Abstract
As a traditional thermal equipment, coal-fired boiler has played an important role in
industrial production, urban heating and other fields for a long time. However, with the
adjustment of energy structure, the improvement of environmental protection requirements
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and the promotion of scientific and technological development, the importance of coal-fired
boiler automatic control has gradually become prominent. The traditional coal-fired boiler
control system often relies on manual operation and empirical judgment, which has the
problems of low energy efficiency, high emission and poor stability, and is difficult to meet
the requirements of modern industrial production for efficiency, environmental protection and
intelligence. In order to solve the above problems, this design is the research of coal-fired
boiler automatic control system based on PLC, which has a good application prospect.
This design combines the development of the automatic control system of coal-fired
boilers at home and abroad and the existing problems. According to the specific requirements
of this design, the control system is comprehensively analyzed, and the overall design scheme
of using PLC control in the control is proposed. The structure of the system is composed of
drum, furnace, burner, inlet and outlet and accessories, which mainly completes the whole
process of coal-fired boilers, including fuel combustion, heat conversion, heating and
vaporization, etc. In terms of design hardware, the PLC with Siemens s7-1200 Series CPU
model of 1214c is adopted, and the sensor part adopts temperature sensor and pressure sensor.
The data collected by the sensor can be sent to the PLC for processing after digital to analog
conversion. The PLC will automatically control the actual temperature and pressure according
to the system requirements. At the same time, in order to improve work efficiency, frequency
converter is designed to drive the equipment. A stable coal-fired boiler automatic control
system is composed of MCGS upper computer and Siemens s7-1200plc lower computer,
which can facilitate the administrator to operate the system.
The software uses Siemens step-7 to program and draw ladder diagram. The system
simulation part uses MCGS configuration software to monitor, control and record the data of
PLC operation. Through comparative experiments and field application verification, it is
proved that the automatic control system based on PLC can achieve higher combustion
efficiency, lower emissions and better system stability in coal-fired boilers.
Keywords: programmable controller; Coal fired boiler; Temperature sensor; MCGS
configuration
I
目 录
摘 要............................................................................................................................................I
Abstract......................................................................................................................................II
绪 论............................................................................................................................................3
1 燃煤锅炉自动控制系统方案设计..........................................................................................6
1.1 控制系统方案................................................................................................................6
1.2 硬件方案选择................................................................................................................7
1.3 软件方案选择................................................................................................................8
2 燃煤锅炉自动控制系统硬件设计..........................................................................................9
2.1 上位机的选择................................................................................................................9
2.2 PLC 的选择....................................................................................................................9
2.2.1 PLC 设备选型......................................................................................................9
2.2.2 CPU 模块选择.....................................................................................................9
2.2.3 PLC 拓展模块选择............................................................................................10
2.2.4 PLC 外围电路设计............................................................................................11
2.2.5 PLC I/O 地址分配表.........................................................................................12
2.3 外部设备选型..............................................................................................................13
2.3.1 电动机的选择....................................................................................................13
2.3.2 温度传感器的选择............................................................................................14
2.3.3 热继电器的选择................................................................................................14
2.3.4 压力传感器的选择............................................................................................15
2.3.5 交流接触器的选择............................................................................................15
2.4 控制系统设备汇总......................................................................................................16
3 燃煤锅炉自动控制系统软件设计........................................................................................17
3.1 系统主程序流程..........................................................................................................17
3.2 控制系统 PLC 程序设计.............................................................................................18
3.2.1 PLC 梯形图的建立............................................................................................18
3.2.2 系统手动模式控制子程序设计........................................................................20
3.2.3 系统自动模式控制子程序设计........................................................................20
摘要：
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I摘要燃煤锅炉作为传统的热力设备，长期以来在工业生产、城市供热等领域发挥着重要作用。然而，随着能源结构的调整、环保要求的提高和科技发展的推动，燃煤锅炉自动控制的重要性逐渐凸显。传统的燃煤锅炉控制系统往往依赖人工操作和经验判断，存在能效低、排放高、稳定性差等问题，难以满足现代工业生产对效率、环保和智能化的要求为了解决上述问题，本设计是基于PLC的燃煤锅炉自动控制系统的研究，具有很好的应用前景。本设计结合了国内外燃煤锅炉自动控制系统发展情况以及目前存在的问题，依据本次设计的具体要求，对其控制系统进行全面的分析，提出了在控制中使用PLC控制的总体设计方案，系统的结构由锅筒、炉膛、燃烧器、进出口及附件...
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作者：闻远设计
分类：非标机械电气自动化
价格：70光币
属性：42 页
大小：2.46MB
格式：DOC
时间：2024-08-21
