先秦士人精神生活中古琴的意义研究
先秦士人精神生活中古琴的意义研究
摘 要
本文以先秦时期的士人精神生活作为考察点，研究古琴在士人精神生活中的价值和意义。从古
琴的形制、琴人、琴曲着眼，看古琴在先秦时期所呈现出的独特意义。
这种意义，对于建构士人与现实生活中的关联，起到了怎样的作用。本文认为，春秋战国时
“ ”代，诸侯并立，伴随着周统治的实质性衰微，于是 天子失官，学在四夷 .知识下移，士阶层逐
渐形成，并具有了自己的生存空间。当士阶层在社会分层中逐渐独立，并且不再依附诸侯和权
贵时，逐渐获得个体人格的成长。在这种状态上，古琴，作为一个具有独特意义的乐器，成为
士阶层在个体人格的建构上的一个重要象征。通观先秦典籍，我们看到了大量关于士人和古琴
“ ”的故事，古琴，成为高洁人格的象征，成为 独立不迁 而坚守节操之士的精神信物。从琴器、
琴曲到琴人，都在表达着一个强烈而明晰的指向，即是士人通过这个特殊的乐器，建构起自己
精神存在的家园。
这个精神家园，与权力上层，保持着距离并划开了界限；与普通俗众，也因其疏离而划开了界
限。所以说，士人借古琴为自己营造了一座抵御现世侵扰的精神穹庐，我们从先秦琴人之精神
“ ”中能见到这一典型特征。 琴者，禁也 .就是士人为古琴所给出的戒律，它不是面向大众的娱乐
性乐器，而是寄托自己情志的载体；在琴曲里，我们看到的也不是炫耀和欢愉，而是面向自我
的沉静省思，或者是面对知音的诉说。由之看来，古琴是一个具有强烈的内倾化的乐器，而不
具外在化的娱它功能。它具有伯牙与钟子期的相知相善，具有伯夷叔齐的坚毅坚守。这就是士
的精神，取古琴之善而守之。
关 键 词：古琴；先秦时期；士人；精神生活
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the value and significance of Guqin in Scholars' spiritual life during the earlyQin period
is studied. The special meaning of Guqin in early Qin period could be understoodclearly from the
shape and structure, player and music of Guqin. It was of great impantanceto establish the ralation
between scholars and real life. In the Spring and Autumn stage,several governors existed and divided
China into several parts. With the power decreasing ofZhou dynasties, the study atmosphere spreaded
from the emperor to the lower level people.
Then the scholars appeared at this time and they had sufficient space to make greatdevelopment. As
the scholars level was separated from the society and when they did notrely on the governors and
power level, they formed their personal character. Based on thisbackground, the Guqin regarded as a
special instrument was taken as the sign of individualcharacter. So many stories between scholars and
Guqin were recorded in the ancient booksand records. Guqin became a symbol of good personality and
was treated as the spirit tokenof scholars to stick to their virtue. It had a clear direction from
instrument, music and playerfor the scholars to bulid their spiritual home. This special spiritual home
was separated withtop power level and maintained a certain distance with them. Also, it was
distinguished withgeneral public because of different thinking deepth. Therefore, the scholars
established aspirit dome to protect them from disturbing from the society via Guqin, which could
beclearly achieved through Guqin players's spirit during early Qin period. “Guqin, forbidden”means
that the Guqin is not the entertainment instrument but the emotion carrier. The Guqinmusic expressed
not the flaunt and joy but the personal inner heart reflection or bosom friendfeeling. In sum, the Guqin
was an instrument with strong expressing function and there wasno entertainment function existing in
Guqin. It represented the kind and love between Boyaand Ziqi and the dependent between Boyi and
Shuqi. So the conclusion that the spirit ofscholar means taking the advange of Guqin could be obtained
in this paper.
KEY WORDS: Guqin; Early-Qin dynasty; Scholar; spritual life
摘要：
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先秦士人精神生活中古琴的意义研究 摘要本文以先秦时期的士人精神生活作为考察点，研究古琴在士人精神生活中的价值和意义。从古琴的形制、琴人、琴曲着眼，看古琴在先秦时期所呈现出的独特意义。这种意义，对于建构士人与现实生活中的关联，起到了怎样的作用。本文认为，春秋战国时“”代，诸侯并立，伴随着周统治的实质性衰微，于是天子失官，学在四夷.知识下移，士阶层逐渐形成，并具有了自己的生存空间。当士阶层在社会分层中逐渐独立，并且不再依附诸侯和权贵时，逐渐获得个体人格的成长。在这种状态上，古琴，作为一个具有独特意义的乐器，成为士阶层在个体人格的建构上的一个重要象征。通观先秦典籍，我们看到了大量关于士人和古琴“...
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作者：闻远设计
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格式：DOCX
时间：2024-06-02
