计算机辅助制造外文文献翻译、中英文翻译
Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing
1.INTRODUCTION
Today’s industry competes in a truly international marketplace.
Efficient transportation networks have created a “world market” in which
we participate on a daily basis. For any industrial country to compete in
this market, it must have companies that provide economic high-quality
products to their customers in a timely manner. The importance of
integrating product design and process design to achieve a design for
production system cannot be overemphasized. However, even once a
design is finalized, manufacturing industries must be willing to
accommodate their customers by allowing last-minute engineering-design
changes without affecting shipping schedules or altering product quality.
Most U.S.-based manufacturing companies look toward CAD/CAM
and CIM to provide this flexibility in their manufacturing system .
Today ,the use of computers in manufacturing is common .
Manufacturing system are being designed that not only process parts
automatically ,but also move the parts from machine to machine and
sequence the ordering of operations in the system. Figure 1 contains a
plot of the economic regions of manufacturing. It should be noted that
manual handcrafted goods will always have a market in the United States
as well as abroad. This is also true of industrial products—there will
continue to be a need for special one-of-a-kind items. The spectrum of
one-of-a-kind goods through high-volume goods dictates that a variety of
manufacturing methods be used to meet our various industrial needs.
Some of these systems will look like the factories that our grandparents
labored in, whereas others will take on a futuristic look. In the following
sections, a discussion of flexible manufacturing systems is presented.
Figure 1 Volume versus variety regions for economic manufacturing
(Courtesy of Cincinnati Milacron.)
2.FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
A flexible manufacturing system, or FMS as they are more
commonly known, is a reprogram-able manufacturing system capable of
producing a variety of products automatically. Since Henry Ford first
introduced and modernized the transfer line, we have been able to
perform a variety of manufacturing operations automatically. However,
altering these systems to accommodate even minor changes in the product
has been quite taxing. Whole machines might have to be introduced to the
system while other machines or components are modified or retired to
accommodate small changes in a product. In today’s competitive
marketplace ,it is necessary to accommodate customer changes or the
customer will find someone else who will accommodate the changes.
Conventional manufacturing system s have been marked by one of two
distinct features:
1. Job shop type systems were capable of producing a variety
of product ,but at a high cost.
2. Transfer lines could produce large volumes of a product at
a reasonable cost, but were limited to the production of one ,two, or
very few different parts.
The advent of numerical control (NC) and robotics has
provided us with reprogramming capabilities at the machine level
with minimum setup time. NC machines and robots provide the
basic physical building blocks for re-programmable manufacturing
systems.
2.1.FMS Equipment
2.1.1Machines
In order to meet the requirements of the definition of an FMS, the
basic processing in the system must be automated. Because automation
must be programmable in order to accommodate a variety of product-
processing requirements, easily alterable as well as versatile machines
must perform the basic processing.
For this reason, CNC turning centers, CNC machining centers, and
robotic workstations comprise the majority of equipment in these
systems. These machines are not only capable of being easily
reprogrammed, but are also capable of accommodating a variety of
tooling via a tool changer and tool-storage system. It is not unusual for a
CNC machining center to contain to 12 or more tools (right-hand turning
tools, left-hand turning tools ,boring bars, drills ,and so on ) . The
automatic tool changer and storage capabilities of NC machines make
them natural choices for material-processing equipment.
Parts must also be moved between processing stations automatically.
Several different types of material-handling systems are employed to
move these parts from station to station. The selection of the type of
material-handling system is a function of several system features. The
material-handling system, first, must be able to accommodate the load
and bulk of the part and perhaps the part fixture. Large, heavy parts
require large , powerful handling systems such as roller conveyors guided
vehicles or track-driven vehicle systems. The number of machines to be
included in the system and the layout of the machines also present
another design consideration. If single material handler must be at least as
large as the physical system. A robot is normally only capable of
addressing one or two machines and load-and-unload station. A conveyor
or automatic guide vehicle(AGV) system can be expanded to include
miles of factory floor. The material-handling system must also be capable
of moving parts from one machine to another in a timely manner.
Machines in the system will be unproductive if they spend much of their
time waiting for parts to be delivered by the material handler. If many
parts are included in the system and they require frequent visits to
machines, then the material-handling system must be capable of
supporting these activities. This usually can be accommodated by using
either a very fast handling device of by using several devices in parallel,
for example, instead of using a single robot to move parts to all the
machines in the system, a robot would only support a single machine.
2.1.2 Tooling and fixtures.
Versatility is the key to most FMSs, and as such the tooling used in
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IntegratedComputerAidedManufacturing1.INTRODUCTIONToday’sindustrycompetesinatrulyinternationalmarketplace.Efficienttransportationnetworkshavecreateda“worldmarket”inwhichweparticipateonadailybasis.Foranyindustrialcountrytocompeteinthismarket,itmusthavecompaniesthatprovideeconomichigh-qualityproductst...
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作者：设计吧
分类：课程设计课件资料
价格：10光币
属性：12 页
大小：131KB
格式：DOC
时间：2023-02-13
