计算机辅助制造外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

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Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing

1.INTRODUCTION

Today’s industry competes in a truly international marketplace.

Efficient transportation networks have created a “world market” in which

we participate on a daily basis. For any industrial country to compete in

this market, it must have companies that provide economic high-quality

products to their customers in a timely manner. The importance of

integrating product design and process design to achieve a design for

production system cannot be overemphasized. However, even once a

design is finalized, manufacturing industries must be willing to

accommodate their customers by allowing last-minute engineering-design

changes without affecting shipping schedules or altering product quality.

Most U.S.-based manufacturing companies look toward CAD/CAM

and CIM to provide this flexibility in their manufacturing system .

Today ,the use of computers in manufacturing is common .

Manufacturing system are being designed that not only process parts

automatically ,but also move the parts from machine to machine and

sequence the ordering of operations in the system. Figure 1 contains a

plot of the economic regions of manufacturing. It should be noted that

manual handcrafted goods will always have a market in the United States

as well as abroad. This is also true of industrial products—there will

continue to be a need for special one-of-a-kind items. The spectrum of

one-of-a-kind goods through high-volume goods dictates that a variety of

manufacturing methods be used to meet our various industrial needs.

Some of these systems will look like the factories that our grandparents

labored in, whereas others will take on a futuristic look. In the following

sections, a discussion of flexible manufacturing systems is presented.

Figure 1 Volume versus variety regions for economic manufacturing

(Courtesy of Cincinnati Milacron.)

2.FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS

A flexible manufacturing system, or FMS as they are more

commonly known, is a reprogram-able manufacturing system capable of

producing a variety of products automatically. Since Henry Ford first

introduced and modernized the transfer line, we have been able to

perform a variety of manufacturing operations automatically. However,

altering these systems to accommodate even minor changes in the product

has been quite taxing. Whole machines might have to be introduced to the

system while other machines or components are modified or retired to

accommodate small changes in a product. In today’s competitive

marketplace ,it is necessary to accommodate customer changes or the

customer will find someone else who will accommodate the changes.

Conventional manufacturing system s have been marked by one of two

distinct features:

1. Job shop type systems were capable of producing a variety

of product ,but at a high cost.

2. Transfer lines could produce large volumes of a product at

a reasonable cost, but were limited to the production of one ,two, or

very few different parts.

The advent of numerical control (NC) and robotics has

provided us with reprogramming capabilities at the machine level

with minimum setup time. NC machines and robots provide the

basic physical building blocks for re-programmable manufacturing

systems.

2.1.FMS Equipment

2.1.1Machines

In order to meet the requirements of the definition of an FMS, the

basic processing in the system must be automated. Because automation

must be programmable in order to accommodate a variety of product-

processing requirements, easily alterable as well as versatile machines

must perform the basic processing.

For this reason, CNC turning centers, CNC machining centers, and

robotic workstations comprise the majority of equipment in these

systems. These machines are not only capable of being easily

reprogrammed, but are also capable of accommodating a variety of

tooling via a tool changer and tool-storage system. It is not unusual for a

CNC machining center to contain to 12 or more tools (right-hand turning

tools, left-hand turning tools ,boring bars, drills ,and so on ) . The

automatic tool changer and storage capabilities of NC machines make

them natural choices for material-processing equipment.

Parts must also be moved between processing stations automatically.

Several different types of material-handling systems are employed to

move these parts from station to station. The selection of the type of

material-handling system is a function of several system features. The

material-handling system, first, must be able to accommodate the load

and bulk of the part and perhaps the part fixture. Large, heavy parts

require large , powerful handling systems such as roller conveyors guided

vehicles or track-driven vehicle systems. The number of machines to be

included in the system and the layout of the machines also present

another design consideration. If single material handler must be at least as

large as the physical system. A robot is normally only capable of

addressing one or two machines and load-and-unload station. A conveyor

or automatic guide vehicle(AGV) system can be expanded to include

miles of factory floor. The material-handling system must also be capable

of moving parts from one machine to another in a timely manner.

Machines in the system will be unproductive if they spend much of their

time waiting for parts to be delivered by the material handler. If many

parts are included in the system and they require frequent visits to

machines, then the material-handling system must be capable of

supporting these activities. This usually can be accommodated by using

either a very fast handling device of by using several devices in parallel,

for example, instead of using a single robot to move parts to all the

machines in the system, a robot would only support a single machine.

2.1.2 Tooling and fixtures.

Versatility is the key to most FMSs, and as such the tooling used in

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摘要：

IntegratedComputerAidedManufacturing1.INTRODUCTIONToday’sindustrycompetesinatrulyinternationalmarketplace.Efficienttransportationnetworkshavecreateda“worldmarket”inwhichweparticipateonadailybasis.Foranyindustrialcountrytocompeteinthismarket,itmusthavecompaniesthatprovideeconomichigh-qualityproductst...

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