驱动桥、微分外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

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(1)外文文献

Drive axle/differential

All vehicles have some type of drive axle/differential assembly incorporated into the

driveline. Whether it is front, rear or four wheel drive, differentials are necessary for

the smooth application of engine power to the road.

Powerflow

See Figure 1

The drive axle must transmit power through a 90° angle. The flow of power in

conventional front engine/rear wheel drive vehicles moves from the engine to the

drive axle in approximately a straight line. However, at the drive axle, the power must

be turned at right angles (from the line of the driveshaft) and directed to the drive

wheels.

This is accomplished by a pinion drive gear, which turns a circular ring gear. The ring

gear is attached to a differential housing, containing a set of smaller gears that are

splined to the inner end of each axle shaft. As the housing is rotated, the internal

differential gears turn the axle shafts, which are also attached to the drive wheels.

Figure 1 Component parts of a typical driven axle assembly

Differential operation

See Figure 2

The differential is an arrangement of gears with two functions: to permit the rear

wheels to turn at different speeds when cornering and to divide the power flow

between both rear wheels.

The accompanying illustration has been provided to help understand how this occurs.

The drive pinion, which is turned by the driveshaft, turns the ring gear (1).

The ring gear, which is attached to the differential case, turns the case (2).

The pinion shaft, located in a bore in the differential case, is at right angles to the axle

shafts and turns with the case (3).

The differential pinion (drive) gears are mounted on the pinion shaft and rotate with

the shaft (4).

Differential side gears (driven gears) are meshed with the pinion gears and turn with

the differential housing and ring gear as a unit (5).

The side gears are splined to the inner ends of the axle shafts and rotate the shafts as

the housing turns (6).

When both wheels have equal traction, the pinion gears do not rotate on the pinion

shaft, since the input force of the pinion gears is divided equally between the two side

gears (7).

When it is necessary to turn a corner, the differential gearing becomes effective and

allows the axle shafts to rotate at different speeds (8).

As the inner wheel slows down, the side gear splined to the inner wheel axle shaft

also slows. The pinion gears act as balancing levers by maintaining equal tooth loads

to both gears, while allowing unequal speeds of rotation at the axle shafts. If the

vehicle speed remains constant, and the inner wheel slows down to 90 percent of

vehicle speed, the outer wheel will speed up to 110 percent. However, because this

system is known as an open differential, if one wheel should become stuck (as in mud

or snow), all of the engine power can be transferred to only one wheel.

Figure 2 Overview of differential gear operating principles.

Limited-slip and locking differential operation

See Figure 3

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摘要：

附录(1)外文文献Driveaxle/differentialAllvehicleshavesometypeofdriveaxle/differentialassemblyincorporatedintothedriveline.Whetheritisfront,rearorfourwheeldrive,differentialsarenecessaryforthesmoothapplicationofenginepowertotheroad.PowerflowSeeFigure1Thedriveaxlemusttransmitpowerthrougha90°angle.Theflowofpo...

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