如何解决 SQL Server 2000 中的连接问题外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

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How to troubleshoot connectivity issues in

SQL Server 2000

Chris Tull, Microsoft Help and Support

This article can help you to resolve connectivity problems with Microsoft SQL

Server 2000. This article contains descriptions of common connectivity problems and

the steps that you can take to help resolve your connectivity problems.

SQL Server 2000 supports several methods of communication between the

instance of SQL Server and the client applications. If your client application and the

instance of SQL Server reside on the same computer, Microsoft Windows

interprocess communication (IPC) components, such as local named pipes or the

Shared Memory protocol, are used to communicate. However, when the client

application and the instance of SQL Server reside on different computers, a network

IPC, such as TCP/IP or named pipes, is used to communicate.

SQL Server 2000 uses Net-Library, a DLL, to communicate with a particular

network protocol. A matching pair of Net-Libraries must be active on the client

computer and the server computer to support the network protocol that you want to

use. For example, if you want to enable a client application to communicate with a

specific instance of SQL Server across TCP/IP, the client TCP/IP Sockets Net-Library

(Dbnetlib.dll) must be configured to connect to the server on the client computer.

Likewise, the server TCP/IP Sockets Net-Library (Ssnetlib.dll) must listen on the

server computer. In this scenario, the TCP/IP protocol stack must be installed on both

the client computer and the server computer.

After you install SQL Server 2000, you can configure the properties of the client Net-

Libraries by using Client Network Utility. You can configure the properties of the

server Net-Libraries by using Server Network Utility (Svrnetcn.exe). The server Net-

Libraries are installed during the installation of the server tools in SQL Server Setup.

However, some of the server Net-Libraries may not be active. By default, SQL Server

2000 enables and listens on TCP/IP, named pipes, and Shared Memory. Therefore, for

a client to connect to a server computer, the client must connect by using a client Net-

Library that matches one of the server Net-Libraries that is currently being used by

the instance of SQL Server.

For additional information about SQL Server communication components and Net-

Libraries, see the following topics in SQL Server Books Online:

• Communication Components

• Client and Server Net-Libraries

• Managing Clients

Troubleshoot connectivity issues

Most of the connectivity issues that you may notice in SQL Server 2000 occur

because of problems with TCP/IP, Windows authentication, or a combination of

TCP/IP and Windows authentication.

Important Before you start to troubleshoot connectivity issues in SQL Server 2000,

make sure that the MSSQLServer service is started on the computer that is running

SQL Server.

Verify your DNS settings

The name resolution process in Domain Name System (DNS) is used to resolve

the IP address to the name of the instance of SQL Server. If the name resolution

process does not work correctly, the instance of SQL Server is not reachable, and you

may receive one or more of the following error messages:

SQL Server does not exist or access denied

General Network Error

Cannot Generate SSPI Context

To verify that the name resolution process is resolving the correct server, you can

ping the server by using the server name and the IP address of the server. To do so,

follow these steps:

1. Click Start, and then click Run.

2. In the Run dialog box, type cmd in the Open box, and then click OK.

3. At the command prompt, run the following command:

ping <Server Name>

Note the IP address that is returned.

4. At the command prompt, run the following command (where IP address is

the IP address that you noted in step 3):

ping –a <IP address>

Verify that the command resolves to the correct server name. If either of the

specified commands are not successful, time out, or do not return the correct values,

the DNS lookup is not working correctly or the problem occurs because of other

networking or routing issues. To see your current DNS settings, run the following

command at a command prompt:

ipconfig /all

To work around this problem, add an entry for the server to the %systemroot%\

system32\d-

rivers\etc\hosts file on the client computer. You can also work around the problem by

connecting to the server by using the Named Pipes Net-library.

Verify the enabled protocols and aliases

Connectivity problems may occur if the alias on the client computer is set

incorrectly. You can view the aliases by using Client Network Utility. To do so,

follow these steps:

1. Start Client Network Utility. If the SQL Server client tools are installed on

the computer that is running the client application, follow these steps to start Client

Network Utility:

a. Click Start, and then point to Programs.

b. Point to Microsoft SQL Server, and then click Client Network Utility.

If the SQL Server client tools are not installed on the client computer, follow

these steps to start Client Network Utility:

a. Click Start, and then click Run.

b. In the Run dialog box, type cliconfg in the Open box, and then click OK.

2. In the SQL Server Client Network Utility window, click the General tab, and

then enable all the protocols that you want to use.

Note You must at least enable the TCP/IP protocol and the named pipes protocol.

3. Click the Alias tab, and then verify the aliases that are configured for the

instance of SQL Server.

4. Verify the properties of the aliases to make sure that the server name or IP

address and the protocol are configured correctly.

You can create a new alias to test the connectivity by using the server name, the

IP address, or even by using a different protocol.

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附录B外文文献HowtotroubleshootconnectivityissuesinSQLServer2000ChrisTull,MicrosoftHelpandSupportThisarticlecanhelpyoutoresolveconnectivityproblemswithMicrosoftSQLServer2000.Thisarticlecontainsdescriptionsofcommonconnectivityproblemsandthestepsthatyoucantaketohelpresolveyourconnectivityproblems.SQLServer20...

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