自动变速器--中英文翻译

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Automatic Transmissions

The automatic transmission contain several sections by

followed.

Transmission

The transmission is a device that is connected to the back of

the engine and sends the power from the engine to the drive wheels.

An automobile engine runs at its best at a certain RPM (Revolutions

Per Minute) range and it is the transmission's job to make sure

that the power is delivered to the wheels while keeping the engine

within that range. It does this through various gear combinations.

In first gear, the engine turns much faster in relation to the

drive wheels, while in high gear the engine is loafing even though

the car may be going in excess of 70 MPH. In addition to various

forward gear transmission also has a neutral position which

disconnects the engine from the drive wheels, and reverse, which

causes the drive wheels to turn in the opposite direction allowing

you to back .Finally, there is the Park position. In this position,

a latch mechanism (not unlike a deadbolt lock on a door) is

inserted into a slot in the output shaft to lock the drive wheels

and keep them from turning, thereby preventing the vehicle from

rolling.

There are two basic types of automatic transmissions based on

whether the vehicle is rear wheel drive or front wheel drive. On a

rear wheel drive car, the transmission is usually mounted to the

back of the engine and is located under the hump in the center of

the floorboard alongside the gas pedal position. A drive shaft

connects the rear of the transmission to the final drive which is

located in the rear axle and is used to send power to the rear

wheels. Power flow on this system is simple and straight forward

going from the engine, through the torque converter, then through

the transmission and drive shaft until it reaches the final drive

where it is split and sent to the two rear wheels. On a front wheel

drive car, the transmission is usually combined with the final

drive to form what is called a transaxle. The engine on a front

wheel drive car is usually mounted sideways in the car with the

transaxle tucked under it on the side of the engine facing the rear

of the car. Front axles are connected directly to the transaxle and

provide power to the front wheels.

Planetary Gear Sets

Automatic transmissions contain many gears in the various com

binations.In a manual transmission, gears slide along the shafts as

you move the shift lever from one position to another, engaging

various sized gears as required in order to provide the correct

gear ratio. In an automatic transmission, however, the gears are

never physically moved and are always engaged to the same gears.

This is accomplished through the use of the planetary gear sets.

The basic planetary gear set consists of a sun gear, a ring gear

and two or more planet gears, all the remaining in constant mesh.

The planet gears are connected to each other through a common

carrier which allows the gears to spin on shafts called "pinions"

which are attached to these carrier. One example of a way that this

system can be used is by connecting the ring gear to the input

shaft coming from the engine, connecting the planet carrier to the

output shaft, and locking the sun gear so that it can't move. In

this scenario, when we turn the ring gear, the planets will "walk"

along the sun gear (which is held stationary) causing the planet

carrier to turn the output shaft in the same direction as the input

shaft but at a slower speed causing gear reduction (similar to a

car in first gear).If we unlock the sun gear and lock any the two

elements together, this will cause all three elements to turn at

the same speed so that the output shaft will turn at the same rate

of speed as the input shaft. This is like a car that is in third or

high gear. Another way that we can use a Planetary gear set is by

locking the planet carrier from moving, then applying power to the

ring gear which will cause the sun gear to turn in the opposite

direction giving us reverse gear. And the illustration on the right

shows how the simple system to described above would look in an

actual transmission. The input shaft is connected to the ring gear

(blue), The Output shaft is connected to the planet carrier (green)

which is also can connected to a "Multi-disk" clutch pack. The sun

gear is that connected to a drum (yellow) which is also connected

to the other half of the clutch pack. and Surrounding the outside

of the drum is a band (red) that can be tightened around the drum

when required to prevent the drum with the attached sun gear from

turning.

One-Way Clutch

A one-way clutch (also known as a "sprag" clutch) is a device

that will allow a component such as ring gear to turn freely in one

direction but not in the other. This effect is just like that of a

bicycle, where the pedals will turn the wheel when pedaling

forward, but will spin free when pedaling the backward. A common

place where a one-way clutch is used is in first gear when the

shifter is in the drive position. When you begin to accelerate from

a stop, the transmission starts out in first gear. But have you

ever noticed what happens if you release the gas while it is still

in first gear? The vehicle continues to coast as if you were in

neutral. Now, shift into Low gear instead of Drive. When you let go

of the gas in this case, you will feel the engine slow you down

just like the standard shift car. The reason for this is that in

Drive, a one-way clutch is used whereas in Low, a clutch pack or a

band is used.

Bands

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摘要：

AutomaticTransmissionsTheautomatictransmissioncontainseveralsectionsbyfollowed.TransmissionThetransmissionisadevicethatisconnectedtothebackoftheengineandsendsthepowerfromtheenginetothedrivewheels.AnautomobileenginerunsatitsbestatacertainRPM(RevolutionsPerMinute)rangeanditisthetransmission'sjobt...

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