新能源汽车动力电池的结构设计

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摘要

随着全球对环保与可持续发展的追求，新能源汽车逐渐成为替代传统燃油

汽车的主要选择之一。而动力电池是新能源汽车最关键的部件之一，其结构设

计和热管理系统的设计直接影响着新能源汽车的性能和使用寿命。本研究旨在

探究新能源汽车动力电池的结构及热管理系统设计，为新能源汽车动力电池的

性能提升和寿命延长提供理论指导和实践依据。本文首先对新能源汽车动力电

池的结构设计进行了详细的介绍和分析，包括电芯、电池模组和电池包的设计

和组装方式。其次，对新能源汽车动力电池的热管理系统进行了系统的研究，

探讨了液冷、风冷和散热片等多种方案的设计原理和优缺点。接着，本文阐述

了实验研究的具体过程，对比分析了不同结构及热管理系统设计对新能源汽车

动力电池性能的影响。本研究通过对新能源汽车动力电池结构设计和热管理系

统设计的研究，得出了一系列结论：在电芯和电池模组组装中应注重电芯间的

散热和均衡性；液冷系统能够更好地解决高能量密度电池包的散热问题；风冷

系统的成本和维护成本相对较低；散热片的散热效果有限。这些结论对动力电

池的性能和安全具有重要的指导意义。综合以上研究结果，本文总结了新能源

汽车动力电池结构及热管理系统设计的关键技术和研究方向，并对未来的研究

工作提出了建议和展望。希望本研究能够为新能源汽车动力电池的设计和生产

提供参考。

Abstract
With   the   global   pursuit   of   environmental   protection   and   sustainable
development,   new   energy   vehicles   have   gradually   become   one   of   the   main
alternatives to traditional fuel vehicles. The power battery is one of the most critical
components   of   new   energy   vehicles,   and   its   structural   design   and   thermal
management system design directly affect the performance and service life of new
energy vehicles. The purpose of this study is to explore the structure and thermal
management  system  design of  new  energy  vehicle  power  battery, and   to  provide
theoretical guidance and practical  basis for the performance improvement  and life
extension of new energy vehicle power battery. Firstly, the structural design of new
energy   vehicle   power   battery   is   introduced   and   analyzed   in   detail,   including   the
design and assembly of cell, battery module and battery pack. Secondly, the thermal
management system of new energy vehicle power battery is systematically studied,
and the design principles, advantages and disadvantages of liquid cooling, air cooling
and heat sink are discussed.Next, the specific process of the experimental research is
described,  and   the  effects  of   different  structures   and  thermal  management  system
designs on the performance of new energy vehicle power batteries are compared and
analyzed.   Through   the   research  on   the  structure  design   and   thermal   management
system design of new energy vehicle  power   batteries,  a   series  of  conclusions   are
drawn: the heat dissipation and balance between the cells should be paid attention to
in the assembly of the cell and the battery module; the liquid cooling system can
better solve the heat dissipation problem of the high energy density battery pack; the
cost  and   maintenance   cost  of   the  air   cooling   system   are   relatively   low;  the   heat
dissipation   effect   of   the   heat   sink   is   limited.   These   conclusions   have   important
guiding significance for the performance and safety of power batteries. Based on the
above   research   results,   this   paper   summarizes   the   key   technologies   and   research
directions of the structure and thermal   management system  design  of new  energy
vehicle   power   batteries,   and   puts   forward   suggestions   and   prospects   for   future
research work. It is hoped that this study can provide reference for the design and
production of new energy vehicle power batteries.
目录
摘要................................................................................................................................1
Abstract..........................................................................................................................2
目录................................................................................................................................3
1、绪论..........................................................................................................................4
1.1 研究背景...........................................................................................................4
1.2 研究内容...........................................................................................................5

2、新能源汽车动力电池的结构设计..........................................................................6
1 汽车电池包基本参数确定...............................................................................6
1.1 新能源汽车车的相关参数的选定.........................................................6
1.2 电机选择.................................................................................................6
1.3 电压的选取.............................................................................................7
1.4 电源系统参数的计算.............................................................................7
1.6 电源系统成组设计.................................................................................9
1.7 电池单体的布局排置.............................................................................9
3、新能源汽车动力电池的热管理系统设计............................................................11
1 电池结构及工作原理.....................................................................................11
2 电池理论产热量.............................................................................................12
2.1 锂离子电池产热机理...........................................................................12
2.2 电池的产热过程...................................................................................12
2.3 电池特性参数.......................................................................................13
2.4 电池理论计算.......................................................................................14
2.4 无冷却系统的温升...............................................................................14
3 选择温控方式................................................................................................15
3.1 确定加热方式.....................................................................................15
3.2 冷却方式的确定...................................................................................15
3.3 确定冷却方式.....................................................................................16
1.3 风扇的选型.........................................................................................................18
1.4 保温材料分析.....................................................................................19
4·温度控制策略及软件设计......................................................................................19
1 热管理控制策略............................................................................................20
2 热管理控制....................................................................................................22
2.1 硬件开发...............................................................................................22
2.2 主控芯片 MC9S12DG128....................................................................23
2.3 温度信息采集模块...............................................................................23
2.4 温度信息采集.......................................................................................25
参考文献......................................................................................................................26
1、绪论
1 研究背景
新能源汽车是当前汽车行业的热门话题，而动力电池作为新能源汽车最为
核心的组成部分之一，其使用寿命和安全性能的提升对新能源汽车的发展至关
重要。然而，由于动力电池内部存在内阻和电气部件阻抗等问题，电池在充放
电时易产生发热现象，如果不能及时散热，会导致电池寿命缩短，甚至产生热
失控等安全问题。因此，设计一套高效的动力电池热管理系统迫在眉睫。

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摘要：

摘要随着全球对环保与可持续发展的追求，新能源汽车逐渐成为替代传统燃油汽车的主要选择之一。而动力电池是新能源汽车最关键的部件之一，其结构设计和热管理系统的设计直接影响着新能源汽车的性能和使用寿命。本研究旨在探究新能源汽车动力电池的结构及热管理系统设计，为新能源汽车动力电池的性能提升和寿命延长提供理论指导和实践依据。本文首先对新能源汽车动力电池的结构设计进行了详细的介绍和分析，包括电芯、电池模组和电池包的设计和组装方式。其次，对新能源汽车动力电池的热管理系统进行了系统的研究，探讨了液冷、风冷和散热片等多种方案的设计原理和优缺点。接着，本文阐述了实验研究的具体过程，对比分析了不同结构及热管理系统设计...

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