模具的发展--中英文翻译

3.0 闻远设计 2023-08-11 61 5 102.5KB 11 页 20光币

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Die history

1 Die position in industrial production

Mold is a high-volume products with the shape tool, is the main process of

industrial production equipment.

With mold components, with high efficiency, good quality, low cost, saving energy

and raw materials and a series of advantages, with the mold workpieces possess high

accuracy, high complexity, high consistency, high productivity and low consumption ,

other manufacturing methods can not match. Have already become an important

means of industrial production and technological development. The basis of the

modern industrial economy.

The development of modern industrial and technological level depends largely on

the level of industrial development die, so die industry to national economic and

social development will play an increasing role. March 1989 the State Council

promulgated "on the current industrial policy decision points" in the mold as the

machinery industry transformation sequence of the first, production and capital

construction of the second sequence (after the large-scale power generation equipment

and the corresponding power transmission equipment), establish tooling industry in an

important position in the national economy. Since 1997, they have to mold and its

processing technology and equipment included in the "current national focus on

encouraging the development of industries, products and technologies catalog" and

"to encourage foreign investment industry directory." Approved by the State Council,

from 1997 to 2000, more than 80 professional mold factory owned 70% VAT refund

of preferential policies to support mold industry. All these have fully demonstrated

the development of the State Council and state departments tooling industry attention

and support. Mold around the world about the current annual output of 60 billion

U.S. dollars, Japan, the United States and other industrialized countries die of

industrial output value of more than machine tool industry, beginning in 1997, China's

industrial output value has exceeded the mold machine tool industry output.

2 China's mold industry and its development trend

Die & Mould Industry Status

Due to historical reasons for the formation of closed, "big and complete" enterprise

features, most enterprises in China are equipped with mold workshop, in factory

matching status since the late 70s have a mold the concept of industrialization and

specialization of production. Production efficiency is not high, poor economic

returns. Mold production industry is small and scattered, cross-industry, capital-

intensive, professional, commercial and technical management level are relatively

low.

According to incomplete statistics, there are now specialized in manufacturing mold,

the product supporting mold factory workshop (factory) near 17 000, about 600 000

employees, annual output value reached 20 billion yuan mold. However, the existing

capacity of the mold and die industry can only meet the demand of 60%, still can not

meet the needs of national economic development. At present, the domestic needs of

large, sophisticated, complex and long life of the mold also rely mainly on imports.

According to customs statistics, in 1997 630 million U.S. dollars worth of imports

mold, not including the import of mold together with the equipment; in 1997 only 78

million U.S. dollars export mold. At present the technological level of China Die &

Mould Industry and manufacturing capacity, China's national economy in the weak

links and bottlenecks constraining sustainable economic development.

2.1 Research on the Structure of industrial products mold

In accordance with the division of China Mould Industry Association, China mold is

divided into 10 basic categories, which, stamping die and plastic molding two

categories accounted for the main part. Calculated by output, present, China accounts

for about 50% die stamping, plastic molding die about 20%, Wire Drawing Die (Tool)

about 10% of the world's advanced industrial countries and regions, the proportion of

plastic forming die die general of the total output value 40%.

Most of our stamping die mold for the simple, single-process mode and meet the

molds, precision die, precision multi-position progressive die is also one of the few,

die less than 100 million times the average life of the mold reached 100 million times

the maximum life of more than accuracy 3 ~ 5um, more than 50 progressive station,

and the international life of the die 600 million times the highest average life of the

die 50 million times compared to the mid 80s at the international advanced level.

China's plastic molding mold design, production technology started relatively late,

the overall level of low. Currently a single cavity, a simple mold cavity 70%, and still

dominant. A sophisticated multi-cavity mold plastic injection mold, plastic injection

mold has been able to multi-color preliminary design and manufacturing. Mould is

about 80 million times the average life span is about, the main difference is the large

deformation of mold components, excess burr side of a large, poor surface quality,

erosion and corrosion serious mold cavity, the mold cavity exhaust poor and

vulnerable such as, injection mold 5um accuracy has reached below the highest life

expectancy has exceeded 20 million times, the number has more than 100 chamber

cavity, reaching the mid 80s to early 90s the international advanced level.

2.2 mold Present Status of Technology

Technical level of China's mold industry currently uneven, with wide disparities.

Generally speaking, with the developed industrial countries, Hong Kong and Taiwan

advanced level, there is a large gap.

The use of CAD / CAM / CAE / CAPP and other technical design and manufacture

molds, both wide application, or technical level, there is a big gap between both. In

the application of CAD technology design molds, only about 10% of the mold used in

the design of CAD, aside from drawing board still has a long way to go; in the

application of CAE design and analysis of mold calculation, it was just started, most

of the game is still in trial stages and animation; in the application of CAM

technology manufacturing molds, first, the lack of advanced manufacturing

equipment, and second, the existing process equipment (including the last 10 years the

introduction of advanced equipment) or computer standard (IBM PC and compatibles,

HP workstations, etc.) different, or because of differences in bytes, processing speed

differences, differences in resistance to electromagnetic interference, networking is

low, only about 5% of the mold manufacturing equipment of recent work in this task;

in the application process planning CAPP technology, basically a blank state, based

on the need for a lot of standardization work; in the mold common technology, such

as mold rapid prototyping technology, polishing, electroforming technologies, surface

treatment technology aspects of CAD / CAM technology in China has just started.

Computer-aided technology, software development, is still at low level, the

accumulation of knowledge and experience required. Most of our mold factory, mold

processing equipment shop old, long in the length of civilian service, accuracy, low

efficiency, still use the ordinary forging, turning, milling, planing, drilling, grinding

and processing equipment, mold, heat treatment is still in use salt bath, box-type

furnace, operating with the experience of workers, poorly equipped, high energy

consumption. Renewal of equipment is slow, technological innovation, technological

progress is not much intensity. Although in recent years introduced many advanced

mold processing equipment, but are too scattered, or not complete, only about 25%

utilization, equipment, some of the advanced functions are not given full play.

Lack of technology of high-quality mold design, manufacturing technology and

skilled workers, especially the lack of knowledge and breadth, knowledge structure,

high levels of compound talents. China's mold industry and technical personnel, only

8% of employees 12%, and the technical personnel and skilled workers and lower the

overall skill level. Before 1980, practitioners of technical personnel and skilled

workers, the aging of knowledge, knowledge structure can not meet the current needs;

and staff employed after 80 years, expertise, experience lack of hands-on ability, not

ease, do not want to learn technology. In recent years, the brain drain caused by

personnel not only decrease the quantity and quality levels, and personnel structure of

the emergence of new faults, lean, make mold design, manufacturing difficult to raise

the technical level.

2.3 mold industry supporting materials, standard parts of present condition

Over the past 10 years, especially the "Eighth Five-Year", the State organization of

the ministries have repeatedly Material Research Institute, universities and steel

enterprises, research and development of special series of die steel, molds and other

mold-specific carbide special tools, auxiliary materials, and some promotion.

However, due to the quality is not stable enough, the lack of the necessary test

conditions and test data, specifications and varieties less, large molds and special

mold steel and specifications are required for the gap. In the steel supply, settlement

amount and sporadic users of mass-produced steel supply and demand contradiction,

yet to be effectively addressed. In addition, in recent years have foreign steel mold

set up sales outlets in China, but poor channels, technical services support the weak

and prices are high, foreign exchange settlement system and other factors, promote

the use of much current.

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摘要：

Diehistory1DiepositioninindustrialproductionMoldisahigh-volumeproductswiththeshapetool,isthemainprocessofindustrialproductionequipment.Withmoldcomponents,withhighefficiency,goodquality,lowcost,savingenergyandrawmaterialsandaseriesofadvantages,withthemoldworkpiecespossesshighaccuracy,highcomplexity,h...

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