3-外文翻译-纯电动跑车变速箱设计

3.0 闻远设计 2023-02-15 47 4 71KB 11 页 5光币

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AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

The modern automatic transmission is by far , the most complicated mechanical

component in today’s automobile . It is a type of transmission that sifts itself . A fluid

coupling or torque converter is used instead of a manually operated clutch to connect

the transmission to the engine .

There are two basic types of automatic transmission based on whether the vehicle is

rear wheel drive or front wheel drive . On a rear wheel drive car , the transmission is

usually mounted to the back of the engine and is located under the hump in the center

of the floorboard alongside the gas pedal position . A drive shaft connects the

transmission to the final drive which is located in the rear axle and is used to send

power to the rear wheels . Power flow on this system is simple and straight forward

going from the engine , through the torque converter , then trough the transmission

and drive shaft until it reaches the final drive where it is split and sent to the two rear

transmission .

On a front wheel drive car , the transmission is usually combined with the final

drive to form what is called a transaxle . The engine on a front wheel drive car is

usually mounted sideways in the car with the transaxle tucked under it on the side of

the engine facing the rear of the car . Front axles are connected directly to the

transaxle and provide power to front wheels . In this example , power floes from the

engine , through the torque converter to a larger chain that sends the power through a

180 degree turn to the transmission that is along side the engine . From there , the

power is routed through the transmission to the final drive where it is split and sent to

the two front wheels through the drive axles .

There are a number of other arrangements including front drive vehicles where

the engine is mounted front to back instead of sideways and there are other systems

that drive all four wheels but the two systems described here are by far the most

popular . A much less popular rear and is connected by a drive shaft to the torque

converter which is still mounted on the engine . This system is found on the new

Corvette and is used in order to balance the weight evenly between the front and rear

wheels for improved performance and handling . Another rear drive system mounts

everything , the engine , transmission and final drive in the rear . This rear engine

arrangement is popular on the Porsche.

Automobile available more than a century, especially from the mass production

of motor vehicles and the automotive industry since the development of large, Car has

been the economic development of the world for mankind to enter the modern life and

have had a tremendous impact on the immeasurable, The progress of human society

has made indelible contributions to the great, epoch-making set off arevolution. From

From the vehicle as a power plant using internal combustion engine to start, auto

transmission has become an important component. Is Generation is widely used in

automotive reciprocating piston internal combustion engine with a small size, light

weight, reliable operation and the use of The advantages of convenience, but its

torque and speed range of smaller changes, and complex condition requires the use of

motor vehicles Traction and the speed can be considerable changes in the scope.

Therefore, its performance and vehicle dynamics and economy of There are large

inter-contradictions, which contradictions of modern automotive internal combustion

engine by itself is insoluble. Because Here, in the automotive power train set up the

transmission and main reducer in order to achieve the purpose of deceleration by

moment. Speed The main function of performance: change gear ratio of motor⑴

vehicles, and expand the wheel drive torque and rotational speed of the Fan Wai, in

order to adapt to constantly changing driving cycle, while the engine in the most

favorable conditions within the scope of work; no change in the direction of engine⑵

rotation, under the premise of the realization of cars driving back; the realization of⑶

the free, temporary Interruption of power transmission, in order to be able to start the

engine, idling, etc.. Variable-speed drive transmission by the manipulation of

institutions and agencies. Change the transmission ratio by way of transmission is

divided into There are class-type, non-stage and multi-purpose three. Have class most

widely used transmission. It uses gear drive, with a number of transmission ratio

setting. Stepless transmission Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)

transmission ratio of a certain The framework of multi-level changes may be

unlimited, there is a common type of power and torque (dynamic fluid-type) and so

on. Continuously Variable Transmission Transmission development is the ultimate

goal, because only it can make the most economical engine in working condition Can

provide the best vehicle fuel economy and optimal power in order to provide the most

comfortable By the feeling. Today's CVT is a typical representative of the CVT and

IVT, however as a result of the reliability of Poor, non-durable materials and high cost

issues, development is not very good. Comprehensive refers to transmission torque

converter and the mechanical components have the level of transmission variable

hydraulic mechanical Speed, the transmission ratio can be between the maximum and

minimum range of a few discontinuous change for no class, but its Significantly lower

transmission efficiency than the efficiency of gear drives. 2 By manipulation,

transmission control type can be divided into mandatory, automatic and semi-

automatic control to manipulate three - Species . Mandatory on the driver to

manipulate the direct transmission gear shift control for the majority of motor vehicles

used Also known as Manual Transmission Manual Transmission (MT). Automatic

transmission control selection of the transmission ratio (transmission) is carried out

automatically. Just add the driver to manipulate Speed pedal, you can control the

speed, also known as Automatic Transmission Automatic Transmission (AT). It is

According to the speed and load (throttle pedal travel) for two-parameter control, stall

in accordance with the above two Parameters to automatically take-off and landing.

AT and MT in common is that they are level transmission, but AT According to the

speed of the speed shift automatically, you can eliminate the manual transmission

"setback" of the shift feel. However, AT also have many drawbacks, such as body

complex, mechanical efficiency is not high, high cost, reliability and control

Sensitivity remains to be increasing . AMT (Automated Mechanical Transmission) is

in the traditional dry clutch and manual transmission gear based on the transformation

of form, mainly to change the part of the manual gearshift control. That is, the overall

structure of the MT cases the same switch to electronically controlled automatic

transmission to achieve. Semi-automatic control, there are two forms of transmission.

A number of stalls is a common automatic control, and the remaining stalls

manipulated by the driver; the other is pre-style, that is, pre-selected pilot stalls, the

clutch pedal in the down or release the accelerator pedal, the for retirement or an

electromagnetic device to shift the hydraulic device. In recent years, with advances in

vehicle technology and road traffic density increased, the performance requirements

of the transmission is also getting higher and higher. A large number of automotive

engineers in improving the performance of automobile transmission study a great deal

of effort devoted to the rapid transmission of technology development, such as AT,

AMT, DCT, CVT and the emergence of IVT.

The modern automatic transmission consists of many components and systems that

designed to work together in a symphony of planetary gear sets , the hydraulic system,

seals and gaskets , the torque converter , the governor and the modulator or throttle

cable and computer controls that has evolved over the years into what many

mechanical inclined individuals consider to be an art from . Here try to used simple ,

generic explanation where possible to describe these systems .

1）Planetary gear sets

Automatic transmission contain many gears in various combinations . In a manual

transmission , gears slide along shafts as you move the shift lever from one position to

another , engaging various sizes gears as required in order to provide the correct gear

ratio . In an automatic transmission , how ever , the gears are never physically moved

and are always engaged to the same gears . This is accomplished through the use of

planetary gear sets .

The basic planetary gear set consists of a sun gear , a ring and two or more planet

gears , all remaining in constant mesh . The planet gears are connected to each other

through a common carrier which allows the gears to spin on shafts called “pinions”

which are attached to the carrier .

One example of a way that this system can be used is by connecting the ring gear to

the input shaft coming from the engine , connecting the planet carrier to the output

shaft , and locking the sun gear so that it can’t move . In this scenario , when we turn

the ring gear , the planets will “walk” along the sun gear ( which is held stationary )

causing the planet carrier to turn the output shaft in the same direction as the input

shaft but at a slower speed causing gear reduction ( similar to a car in first gear ) .

If we unlock the sun gear and lock any two elements together , this will cause all

three elements to turn at the same speed so that to output shaft will turn at the same

rate of speed as the input shaft . This is like a car that is third or high gear . Another

way we can use a planetary gear set is by locking the planet carrier from moving ,

then applying power to the ring gear which will cause the sun gear to turn in opposite

direction giving us reverse gear .

The illustration in Figure shows how the simple system described above would look

in an actual transmission . The input shaft is connected to the ring gear , the output

shaft is connected to the planet carrier which is also connected to a “Multi-disk”

clutch pack . The sun gear is connected to drum which is also connected to the other

half of the clutch pack . Surrounding the outside of the drum is a band that can be

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摘要：

AUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONThemodernautomatictransmissionisbyfar,themostcomplicatedmechanicalcomponentintoday’sautomobile.Itisatypeoftransmissionthatsiftsitself.Afluidcouplingortorqueconverterisusedinsteadofamanuallyoperatedclutchtoconnectthetransmissiontotheengine.Therearetwobasictypesofautomatictransmis...

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