变压器滤油机的研究（中英文4899字）

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附录 C 外文文献及翻译（变压器滤油机）

Study of Transformer Oil Filtration Machine

Shreya Salvi1, A.P.Paranjape2,

1M.E. student, Dept. of Electrical Power System, P.E.S. College of Engineering, Aurangabad,

Maharashtra, India 2Professor, Dept. of Electrical Power System, P.E.S. College of Engineering,

Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

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Abstract - Nearly all load bearing

transformers in electric power systems around the

world are filled with insulating oil i.e. transformer

oil. Insulating oil plays a major role in the

transformer, acting as insulating medium and as

coolant. Transformers in electric power distribution

and transmission systems are expected to function

reliably and efficiently for uninterrupted power

supply and to do this the quality of the transformer

oil must be high. To maintain high quality of the

transformer oil, purification of transformer oil by

high vacuum transformer oil filtration machine

should be conducted regularly. In this paper, we will

study about the transformer oil filtration machine

and how it purifies the contaminated transformer

oil.

Key Words: Degasification, Insulating oil,

Moisture, Purification, Transformer.

1. INTRODUCTION

Transformer is one of the most important and

costly components of power system. Extreme

reliability is demanded of electric power system,

and even though the failure risk of a transformer is

small, when failures occur, they lead to high repair

costs, long downtime and possible safety risks.

Moreover, transformers are too expensive to replace

regularly and must be properly maintained to

maximize their life expectancy. So for getting high

performance and long functional life of the

transformer, it is desired to perform various

maintenance activities. Purification of transformer

oil is one of these maintenance activities, since

transformer’s life mainly depends on its insulating

oil i.e. transformer oil. To purify transformer oil,

high vacuum transformer oil filtration machine is

used. It consists of inlet pump, filters, heaters, ionic

reaction column, degassing and dehydration

chamber, discharge pump, vacuum pumps etc. In

this paper, we will study about the transformer oil

filtration machine and how it works to purify the

contaminated transformer oil.

2. Insulating Oil

Primarily, two kinds of basic insulation

materials are widely used in the transformer,

including the liquid insulation material such as

insulating oil i.e. transformer oil and solid insulation

material such as insulation paper. The widespread

use of dielectric liquids for insulation and cooling is

due to their greater electrical breakdown strength

and thermal conductivity than gaseous insulators,

while their ability to conform to complex

geometries and self-heal means that they are often

of more practical use than solid insulators.

Transformer oil is highly refined mineral oil that is

stable at high temperatures and has excellent

electrical insulating properties. It is normally

obtained by fractional distillation and subsequent

treatment of crude petroleum. Hence why this oil is

also known as mineral insulating oil. Transformer

oil provides part of the electrical insulation between

internal live parts in the transformer. It also helps

cool the transformer i.e.it acts as a coolant.

Causes of contamination of transformer oil are

electrical disturbances and thermal decomposition.

Various contaminants like moisture, sludge,

dissolved gases etc. Present in the transformer oil

reduces the breakdown strength of transformer oil,

promotes local heating, increases the electrical

conductivity and decreases the electrical and

mechanical strength of the insulation system. The

contaminants also decelerates the transformer

efficiency. The failure of liquid insulation can cause

catastrophic damage not only to the power

equipment, but also to the surrounding

environment. Furthermore, failure often leads to

major

operational disruption and financial loss. Purification of the transformer oil by high vacuum

transformer oil filtration machine removes all these

contaminants from transformer oil. The dielectric

strength of fresh, thoroughly purified (filtered,

degassed, dehumidified) insulating oil is several

times higher than that of aged, contaminated

insulating oil. Better the insulation of the

transformer, longer the life of the transformer and

lesser the breakdown of the transformer which

eventually results in good returns on investment of

the transformer asset and uninterrupted power

supply.

3. High Vacuum Transformer Oil Filtration

Machine

Transformer oil when untreated will normally

contain 50 to 60 ppm (parts per million) of water

and also 10% to 12% of air by volume at saturation.

In order to bring the oil in required standards, it has

to be filtered to remove moisture, dissolved gases,

ferrous and non-ferrous suspended particles so as to

achieve the required properties of transformer oil.

The high vacuum transformer oil filtration

machine treats the transformer oil & switchgear oil

by first heating it and then passing it through

specially designed filter and then subjecting it to

high vacuum treatment which dehydrates and

degasifies the oil to the standard specifications after

completion of the process.

Fig -1: High Vacuum Transformer Oil

Filtration Machine

Fig. – 1 shows the high vacuum transformer

oil filtration machine. Transformer oil filtration

machines are available in various ratings starting

from 100 LPH (liters per hour) to 16,000 LPH. The

filtration machine is either stationary type or mobile

type. The screw jacks are provided for relieving

pressure on wheels at stationary conditions. It is

weather proofed and suitable for outdoor use. The

equipment is enclosed and protected against

climatic conditions. All the components have

adequate strength and rigidity to withstand the

normal conditions of handling transport and usage.

The plant is suitable for operation on 415 volts,

three phase, 4 wire, 50 Hz, A.C. Supply.

The high vacuum transformer oil filtration

machine consists of:

3.1 Inlet Pump

Inlet pump pumps the contaminated oil from

transformer to oil filtration machine. It is

thoroughly tested for vacuum and is suitable for

continuous trouble free operation. It is provided

with an automatic protection against over-pressure

build-up. Interlocking arrangement is provided in

between the oil inlet pump and the heater so that

heater cannot be energized unless inlet pump is on.

Interlocking arrangement is provided in the oil

filtration machine between the inlet pump and high

level float switch (located into degassing and

dehydration chamber) to avoid excessive rise of oil

in the degassing and dehydration chamber.

3.2 Heaters

The first step in this serial process is to raise

the oil temperature to a desired level, generally upto

65 Degree Celsius. This aids to give the oil latent

heat which later aids to dissociate the moisture and

gases from oil in the degassing and dehydration

chamber. Additionally the viscosity of the oil drops

which aids in better filtration to some extent.

Heaters are provided in protection tubes to avoid

localized overheating, hot spot & breaking oil.

Heaters are thermostatically controlled. Heater

elements consists of nichrome / kanthal wire

filament, inserted in refractory formers which are

located in protection tubes. Heater tank is

adequately thermally insulated to minimize loss of

heat. One suitable pressure relief valve is provided

on the heater chamber to prevent any pressure rise

above the acceptable limit.

3.3 Filtration System

3.3.1 Preliminary Filter

The main function of this filter is to prevent

any damage to the inlet pump. It have strainers

capable of retaining all particles above 1 mm size

and also magnetic particles. Incoming oil is passed

through this filter. It is possible to clean the strainer

without dismantling the filter from the pipeline.

3.3.2 Filter Press

Filter press shall consist of filters held between

metallic discs. It is suitable for removal of particles

bigger than 50 microns. This is useful for removal

of sludge content in the used oil.

3.3.3 Cartridge Filter

Non-hygroscopic throw away type cartridge

filters of one micron rating is provided. This

cartridge elements have large dust holding capacity.

The replacement of cartridge elements is very easy

and can be done without any special tools.

Compound (pressure / vacuum) gauge is provided

on filter vessel for inlet pressure indication in order

to ascertain condition of cartridge elements.

Aeration is provided on the filter vessel to aerate the

vessel during draining. The cartridge type filter

facilitates to achieve desired value of particle size in

micron.

3.4 Ionic Reaction Column

An ionic reaction column is provided in high

vacuum transformer oil filtration machine to reduce

the acidity in the oil. It is an optional component in

high vacuum transformer oil filtration machine

which is provided if the customer demands it.

3.5 Degassing and Dehydration Chamber

The third step in the oil filtration machine is

dehydration and degasification of the transformer

oil. In degassing and dehydration chamber,

dissolved gases and moisture from the transformer

oil is removed. It has mild steel welded

construction. The chamber is able to withstand the

vacuum to which it is subjected. Efficiently spread

Raschig rings are placed in the degassing and

dehydration chamber. Raschig rings are pieces of

tubes which are approximately equal in length and

diameter. Usually, Copper or Aluminum Raschig

rings are used in high vacuum transformer oil

filtration machine. The surface area offered by the

Raschig rings is sufficient to form a thin film of oil

and facilitates removal of dissolved gases and

moisture at the rated flow rate of oil. A sight glass

with illuminating lamp is provided for observation

of oil flow in the degassing and dehydration

chamber. One float switch on the degassing and

dehydration chamber is provided for preventing

excess rise of oil level and is electrically interlocked

with the inlet pump. Another float switch to control

the low level of the oil in degassing and dehydration

chamber is provided and it is electrically interlocked

with the discharge pump. Two or three stages are

separated by a siphon seal. One airing valve is

provided for airing the degassing and dehydration

chamber.

Fig -2: Circuit Diagram of High Vacuum

Transformer Oil Filtration Machine

3.6 Vacuum Pumping System

Vacuum pumps are provided for evacuation of

degassing and dehydration chamber. These pumps

are of imported make.

3.7 Discharge Pump

A discharge pump is provided in high vacuum

transformer oil filtration machine for sucking oil

from the degassing and dehydration chamber held

under vacuum. They are fully tested for pressure

and vacuum leak rate. Interlocking arrangement are

provided between low level float switch (located in

degassing and dehydration chamber) and discharge

pump to prevent dry running of discharge pump.

3.8 Oil Hoses

Two nitrile rubber hoses with flanged end

connection on both sides are provided, one for oil

inlet & one for oil outlet. They are capable of

handling the transformer oil at 100 Degrees Celsius

(maximum) and vacuum.

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附录C外文文献及翻译（变压器滤油机）StudyofTransformerOilFiltrationMachineShreyaSalvi1,A.P.Paranjape2,1M.E.student,Dept.ofElectricalPowerSystem,P.E.S.CollegeofEngineering,Aurangabad,Maharashtra,India2Professor,Dept.ofElectricalPowerSystem,P.E.S.CollegeofEngineering,Aurangabad,Maharashtra,India------------------------...

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